National Parks in Northern Thailand

National Parks:
A national park is an area of at least ten square kilometers that contains natural resources of ecological importance or unusual beauty, or flora or fauna of special importance. An area may also be declared a park for its historical or cultural features.
Parks are managed by the central government (not by the provincial government) and have staff to strictly enforce protection regulations. These regulations prohibit use of the parks for anything except tourism, so that the natural resources might be preserved for a long time.
Often, forest parks (“wana ootayan”) are confused with national parks (“ottayan haeng chart”). Forest parks are locally administered areas of small size which are suitable for short-term recreation, such as picnicking. Forest parks are likely to have a waterfall, cliff, cave or beach.

The clearest way into the universe is through a forest wilderness...John Muir. Save our nature. Pangfan Nature Camp for youth training on environment conservation awareness.

Maintained pages by Sanguan Chantalay, PNOC
Created the webpage on October 1996.
Last updated: March 6, 2002
(for educational purposese)

Revised October 17, 2006

History and Origins:
After World War II, the population of Thailand increased rapidly. This population boom led to and increase in the demand for natural resources. As a result, much of the forests in the country were encroached upon and converted to agricultural areas. Textile production, in turn, was also increased.

Firearm production was modernized and streamlined. The results allowed people to take more game from the forest. Many species were adversely affected, some were driven to extinction. Eventually the Thai government decided that the issue was a serious problem. They began to protect the nation's natural resources, wild animals, and forests.
The first step in this process was the establishment mechanism by which arboretums, forest, and national parks could be administered. This was attempted in 1925, when the forest of Phu Kra Dung was gazette as a forest park. Unfortunately, there were many problems. Lack of manpower, a small budget and a poor understanding of the need for conservation were a few.
Then, in 1959 Field Marshal Sarit Tanarat, then prime minister, traveled into Thailand's northern regions. The visit gave him an appreciation for the country's natural areas, especially its forests. He returned and proposed tot the government that a national parks system be created by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Interior.

The Ministry of Agriculture then began discussion which areas would be most suitable. A list of 14 potential sites for national parks was drown up. This list was brought before the cabinet ministers and discussed with the prime minister's legal advisor. He recommended that an official announcement come from the Ministry of the Interior announcing that these areas were to become Thailand's first national parks. The Minister of Agriculture disagreed, saying that this would take too long. he proposed the following official procedure for establishing Thailand's first national parks:

1. Acquire the 14 areas.
2. Have the Ministry of the Interior announce four areas, Pa Thuakkhao Salop, Pa Khao Yai, Pa Thung Salaeng Luang and Pa Doi Inthanon, as restricted national park areas.
3. Stipulate that the other acquired areas be protected forests according to the government's Wildlife Conservation and Protection Act. Phu Kra Dung, included in the original 14 was already protected, and immune to this order.

On 2 October 1959, the cabinet ministers agreed that the Ministry of Agriculture should, together with the Ministry of the Interior, implement the project. In 1961 the National Park Act was passed. Its main purpose was the protection of the nation's natural resources. For example, forest products, various tree species, animals, and sites themselves, like viewpoints and mountains are all to be left in their natural condition. The aim is to preserve them as a natural heritage, and preserve them for public education and enjoyment. This law also established a National parks Committee whose duties included advising the prime minister on matters of setting aside, expanding altering, and protecting national parks.

On 14 January 1989, King Rama IX ordered a Royal Decree which amended the National Park Act of 1961. The order totally prohibited forestry activities. this was to give the nations forests a chance to recover from encroachment. It empowered forestry officials to enforce regulations and included provisions for ending concessions on activities like logging. Its most important aspect, however, was that it allowed land which was previously national reserve forest to be made into national parks.

The national parks were established to conserve natural resources for future generations and for educational and recreational purposes.

You can help the national parks by respecting the National park Act of 1961, section 16, which prohibits individuals from:

1. Hold or possess land, or clear or burn the forest.
2. Collect, take out, or do by any means whatsoever things endangering or deteriorating woody plant, gum, yang, wood-oil, turpentine, mineral or other natural resources.
3. Take out animals or do by any means whatsoever things endangering the animals.
4. Do by any means whatsoever things endangering or deteriorating soil, rock, gravel or sand.
5. Change a waterway or cause the water in a river, creek, swamp or marsh to overflow or dry up.
6. Close or obstruct a watercourse or way.
7. Collect, take out, or do by any means whatsoever things endangering or deteriorating orchids, honey, lac, charcoal, barks to guano.
8. Collect or do by any means whatsoever things endangering flowers, leaves, or fruits.
9. Take in, take out any vehicle or drive it on the way not provided for such purpose, unless permission is obtained from the competent official.
10. Cause any aircraft to take off or land in the place not provided for such purpose, unless permission is obtained from the competent official.
11. Take cattle in or allow them to enter.
12. Take in any domestic animal or beast of burden, unless he has complied with the rules prescribed by the Director General and approved by the Minister.
13. Carry on any activity for benefits, unless permission is obtained from the competent official.
14. Post notifications or advertisements, or scratch or write on any place.
15. Take in any gear for hunting or catching animals or any weapon, unless permission is obtained from competent officials and the conditions prescribed by the later have complied with.
16. Fire any gun, cause any explosive article to be exploded or set off any fireworks.
17. Make a noisy disturbance, or do other act causing trouble or nuisance to any person or animal.
18. Discharge rubbish or things at the place not provided for such purpose.
19. Leave any inflammable article which any cause fires.

Index of National Parks in Northern Thailand
There are 23 national parks in Northern Thailand. We have only 16 details of them. We will add more to the list soon. We need information from the Royal Forest Department.

Phu Hin Rongkla National Park

Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park has an area of 307 square kilometers (191,875 rai). It lies in Dansai District of Loei Province and Nakorn Thai District of Phitsanuloke Province. Phu Hin Rong Kla is blessed with natural beauty and historical significance. Unfortunately, fighting there during the communist years did untold damage to the forest. The geology, landscape and natural beauty of the park was recognized and protected after the communist insurgents left.

HISTORY:
From 1968 to 1972, the mountains of Phu Hin Rong Kla were a major stronghold for the communists, who were threatening the political stability of the nation. In 1982, government forces began the battle of Phu Kwang, and attempt to drive out the insurgents. Forces from the first, second and third divisions of the armed forces joined together with the Aviation Ministry, Special War Center, the Navy, the Air Force, and Civilian Forces to try to vanquish the communists.

The government forces were unsuccessful, primarily because of the unforgiving terrain, set high up in the mountains in mostly dense forest. The army changed its battle plan after initial setbacks and eventually rousted the communists. Following policy number 66/2523 and official order 65/2525, the third division and various military forces, the police and Civilian Forces and the P.T.T. 33, led by Major Pairot Chanurai defeated the communists without bloodshed. Villagers in the area, mostly Hmong, who had initially sided with the communists, eventually decided to abandon their allies. The communists were forced to give up their territory. After that, the P.T.T. 33 began to develop the area by building a road. The paperwork was also begun to establish a national park. S.R.400 (310)/324, which came out on 10 January 1983 ordered the third division and the Royal Forest Department to begin discussion about turning the area into a park. In February 1983, the National Parks Division sent officials to survey the area and concluded that it had fantastic natural beauty, served as an important watershed, and had many historical points of interest, such as Lan Hin Tak and Lan Hin Pum. It was deemed appropriate that Phu Hin Rong Kla be made a national park. the royal Forest Department proposed the park at the assembly 91/2526) on March 15, 1983. A decree made areas of Nuen Purm Subdistrict, Banyang Subdistrict and Nakorn Thai District in Phitsanuloke as well as Koksathon Subdistrict and Dansai District of Loei into a national park in 1984. In the 101 Gazette, in section 96, Phu Hin Rong Kla officially became Thailand's 48th national park.

GEOGRAPHY:
The general topography of the park is steeply mountainous. the northern part of the park in Chaiburi District borders Laos. The Southern part of the park runs into Petchabun Province. The mountain range includes the peaks of Phu Pangma, Phu Lomloh, Phu Hin Rong Kla and Phu Mahn Yow, the tallest in the park at 1,800 meters above sea level. the second tallest is Phu Lomloh at 1,664 meters, and Phu Hin Rong Kla stands at 1,614 meters. The park is the headwaters of many streams, including Huay Nam Sai, Huay Nam Kamuen, Huay Awn Singh, Huay Muad Kon, and Huay Luang Yai. moreover geology feature in the park provide the most interest for visitors.

CLIMATE:
Phu Hin Rong Kla's climate is similar to that of Phu Kra Dung and Phu Luang. Because of its high altitude, the park is cool all year round, especially, of course, in the cool season, when temperatures can occasionally drop to freezing point. Mist can cover the whole area at times. In the hot season, conditions are cool and pleasant; the temperature does not rise much above 25 Celcius.

FLORA:
The park has mixed deciduous, dry dipterocarp, dry evergreen, and hill evergreen forests. The mixed deciduous forest tends to be spacious and open. The soil quality and moisture is low. Tree species commonly found include Dipterocarpus obtusifolius, Shorea obtusa, Shorea siamensis and Dipterocarpus tuberculatus.
The dry evergreen forest has better and moister soil, particularly in higher elevations and along streams. Species include Dipterocarpus alatus, Hopea ferrea, Hopea oborata, Anisoptera castata, Afzelia xylocarpa, Lagerstroemia calycatata, Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Dalbergia oliveri, Chukrasia venlatina, bamboo and Brahm among others.
Hill evergreen forest is occurs in cool higher elevations of 1,000 meters and up. Species tend to be soft woods. Important species include Dacrydium elatum, Betula alnoides, Eugenia cumini, Anneslea fragrans, Podocarpus imbricatus and Pinus merksii, P. kasiya.
The flat areas on ridge tops are sandy and support Sphagnum recuryum, algae and perennial plants such Burmannia disticha and Osbeckia chinensis. In addition, many orchid species can be found in rocky areas, including Lycopodium phlegmaria rhododendron. these flowers boom between the rainy and cool seasons.
in the past, Phu Hin Rong Kla was evergreen forest and had big diversity of wildlife. But later, when the communists and government began fighting, the area turned into a battlefield. Much of the forest was damaged and much of the wildlife was killed or fled to safer areas. Remaining wildlife includes tigers, leopards, Asiatic Black Bears, wild board, fox, monkeys, leopard cats, wild hare and many bird species, such as doves, bargets, common Flameback, Asian Barred Owlet, Brown Hawk-Owl, jungle fowl, bulbuls, and swallows.

The site of communist headquarters, the park was used for various activities. The headquarters area remains much as it was in the old days. The School of Military Politics is located about six kilometers from the park headquarters. The forest in that area is still in good condition. On the right hand side of the road is the old school which was used for teaching communist ideology. In this area were the communist government staff, administration section, military and communication sections, a hospital, housing and a small printing press. Altogether there were thirty buildings laid out in orderly fashion. the houses in the headquarters area were better than those in the surrounding villages. They had beds and desks, hand made from bamboo. Several houses were abandoned after the government persuaded some of the forces to lay down their arms near the end of the era. There is a tractor parked on the central area of the school (a D6 model of the Pikanate Company.) This was used by the company to cut a road from Nakorn Thai to Dan Sai and remains as evidence of the past violence.
Communist headquarters: Three kilometers from park headquarters are located the old office buildings from which the communists government carried out their administrative functions. This was their “town hall”. The trail to the communist headquarters is narrow and winds between boulders. After crossing small stream, one will arrive at a cluster of buildings. there is a cafeteria, cloth shop, meeting place, jail, intelligence center.
Villages: Villagers lived in several villages, like Ban Dow Dang and Dow Chai.. each village had 40 to 50 houses lining the path which was cleared from Lomsak district. The houses were small, with dirt floors and roofed with wooden tiles. Each house also had a dug out area used during air raids.
Hospital: Two kilometers from the headquarters was a hospital fully equipped to treat the sick and injured. Doctors could perform a variety of minor surgeries. China supported them with training, technical assistance, and intensive courses. Among the remaining artifacts were found numerous Chines medical texts, which are fascinating.

POINTS OF NATURAL BEAUTY:
Lan Hin Tak: 300 meters to the west of the Thai army headquarters (Than Pacharin) is Lan Hin Tak (Broken Rock Field). Along the path, growing in rock crevices are various plant species, including mosses, ferns and ground orchids. The crevices, arranged in rough rows, seem to have come from the earth splitting. Peering into their depths can be eerie. Some crevices are narrow enough to jump across; other are wider. From several can be heard loud echoing of running water. The crevices were perhaps important to the communists, as they could have been used for hiding.
Lan Hin Pum: About four kilometers from the park headquarters, near the cliffs, is a field of modulated stone. Whose lumps are roughly equal in size. It is believed that this formation resulted from physical and chemical erosion. Patients from the hospital suffering from fever would used the area as a rest spot, as a cool breeze blows over the area almost continuously.
Flag-pole Cliff: As steep cliff overlooking a magnificent view of the valley to the west. The communists used this cliff to fly their red flag after each victory over the government forces.
Romglao and Paradon Waterfalls: Romglao Waterfall is about five kilometers from park headquarters. As you approach the road to the School of Military Politics, the path to the waterfall is on the left and leads about one kilometer off the road to the waterfall. The forest in this area s in good condition, with many large trees. A side trail leads to Paradon Waterfall, which is downstream of Romglao Waterfall.
Sripacharin Waterfall: This medium-sized waterfall is about 600 meters off the road, near Huay Namsai Village. The trail leads past some fields of Hmong villagers and into a small valley. It then runs with a stream about 150 meters until reaching the falls. Sripacharin Waterfall is the most accessible waterfall in the park.
Ganglad and Tadfa Waterfalls: Set at the foot of Phu Hin Rong Kla, Ganglad is about two kilometers from Huay Namsai. At the base of the falls is a small hydro-electric generator. If you climb three or four kilometers further up the mountain, you will reach Tadfa Waterfall (also known as Tan Gawsahng Waterfall), an impressive, towering waterfall.
In addition to these spots there are many others to visit, including Lan Anekprasong, Ganghannam and Pratuwua (Sappanmarana)

GETTING THERE:
From Phitsanuloke, take a public bus 68 kilometers towards Lomsak. At Ban Yang, take a left and travel 29 kilometers to Nakorn Thai District. From Nakorn Thai, take a song-taew the remaining 28 kilometers to the park.

FACILITIES:
The park has a campground, and cottages and tents for rent. For more information please contact:

National Parks Division
Office of Natural Resources Conservation
Royal Forest Department
Phaholyothin Road
Jatujak, Bangkok 10900
or contact the park directly: Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park
P.O. Box 3
Nakorn Thai, Phitsanuloke 65120

The purpose of Thailand's national parks is to preserve natural resources for the education and recreation of the public. You can help the park by observing the following regulations:
* Do not collect any plants, rocks, minerals or soil.
* Do not remove or introduce any animals, living or dead.
* Maintain a low noise level which will not disturb other tourists or animals.
* Be careful with fire. If you must build a fire, be sure to extinguish it completely when you leave.
Prepared and arranged by Sanguan Chantalay. Retyped from the free brochure provided by the National Parks Division, National Resources Conservation Office, Royal Forest Department.

THUNG SALAENG LUANG NATIONAL PARK
In 1959, 14 important forests were proposed for inclusion in national parks, among them the once vast and malarial Thung Salaeng Luang. Eventually, in 1972, 1,262 square kilometers were declared the Thung Salaeng Luang National Park.
But from the late 1960's to the early 1980's the forest was used as a major base area and infiltration route for guerrillas of the outlawed Communist Party of Thailand (CPT). It was sealed off by the Thai military from even the park officials. One of the climatic showdowns of the war with Communist insurgents took place at nearby Khao Kor, where government forces defeated the guerrillas in a series of tough battles in 1981 and 1982, Khao Kor is now the site of a resort and community-based development projects.
Guerrillas have not been the park's only scourge. Other intruders were hill tribe people and squatters who make use of the Phitsanuloke-Lomsak highway running through the park's northern end to gain easy access to the area and stake claims to virgin terrain.

HABITAT:
Composing the park are hills of limestone, slate and hardpan between altitudes of 300 to 1,028 meters. A long north-south stretch of limestone hills runs down the western section of the park. Thung Salaeng Luang, the origin of numerous streams, is inlaid with meadows, especially in its southern area. Mixed species deciduous forest predominates, with lowland scrub and tropical broad-leaved evergreen covering smaller areas.

WILDLIFE:
Seventeen mammal species, including elephant, yellow-throated marten and masked palm civet, are confirmed as park dwellers. A significant number of others are possible residents. These include tiger, barking deer, wild dog, wild pig, languor and slow lorries. A 1987 study estimated that between five and 20 elephants survived in the park.
The best places to see wildlife are on the park's meadows and, during the dry season, around ponds and salt licks. there is a large salt lick at Pong Sai in the northwest and Pong Thung Phya in the southwest.
More than 190 bird species have been confirmed, among them species of heron, eagle, partridge, pheasant, pigeon, owl, swift,, barbet, woodpecker, bulbul, babbler, warbler, flycatcher and flowerpecker.
A prominent resident is the Siamese fireback pheasant, a leading candidate for Thailand's national bird because it was once so common and frequently referred to in classical Thai literature. it also once helped to advertise the country. A pair was sent to Napoleon III of France in 1862 along with diplomatic envoys, eliciting interest in both the exotic animal and its place of origin.
The sleek, handsome male has a red face, long, narrow tail, gray upper plumage and a black underside. the he is chestnut-reddish and lacks head and tail adamants.

PARK HIGHLIGHTS:
Three outstanding meadows are embedded within park boundaries. Thung Salaeng Luang is a 10 square kilometer sea of savanna grass in the southeast surrounded by forests and hills. Some of the meadow was turned into rice paddies by the Communist guerrillas. First-time visitors are often surprised to suddenly come upon such a great expanse of open space hemmed in by dense forests. the meadow's 800 meter elevation makes it comfortable for trekking even in the summer when temperatures average an agreeable 18 Celcius. But the ideal time for hiking to and exploring the meadows is during the early part of the cool season.
Thung Salaeng Luang is reached by two routes. there is 40 kilometer long trail running south from park headquarters to the meadow but it can only be negotiated by 4-Wheel drive vehicles and then only during the dry season. The other option is arriving via the Khao Kor-Phetchabun road which runs southeast of the park and turning off at Nong Mae Na. A gravel road leads to the park boundary and meadow.
Thung Nang Phaya, in the southwest, is a favorite camping site, known for its stunning combination of meadow and pine trees. It can most easily be reached from the Nong Mae Na entry to the park, with 4-Wheel drive cars recommended, especially during the rainy season.
Thung Non son is situated on a plateau deep in the park's center, its more tan 11,000 hectares resplendent with large clusters of flowers which bloom September to November. this meadow is best explored with guides since reaching it requires a difficult effort by 4-Wheel drive vehicle and facilities are non-existent at the site. From park headquarters, drive along the same road as leads to Thung Salaeng Luang for 15 kilometers until reaching a turn-off to the right. From there it is an 18 kilometer trek along a mountain ridge to Thung Non son.
Among the many lovely flowers found on the park's meadows is the “Bang meowing”, a small, frail orchid with sept-back petals which is literally translated as running horse orchid. Others are the “Phung Chomphu”, or pink garland, a purple flower with three large petals. Kradum Ngern, silver button, a white flower the size of the small finger, Yad Nam Khang, dripper of dew, a small, light brown flower which thrives on morning dew, and Mokhaw Mokaeng Ling, a greenish ground flower which loosely translates as monkey's pots and pans. Standard English names do not exist for a number of flowers found in Thailand.
Dubbed the “Niagara Falls of Thailand,” Kaeng Sopha is one of the country's most beautiful. the three-tiered waterfall, shaped like a stairway, is found very near kilometer 68 of the Phitsanuloke-Lomsak Highway. Food stalls, rest rooms and a tourist information center are located at the waterfall.
Three kilometers from the park office an 80 meter long cable stayed bridge spanning the Khek Yai River. the river banks are pleasant for picnics and the Khek Yai is ideal for dips in the dry season although dangerous during the rains when the current flows too rapidly.

VISITING THE PARK:
Phitsanuloke is a major transportation hub easily reached from Bangkok by train, bus, private car and air. From town travel along Highway 12 and watch for the park headquarters office on the right side at kilometer 80. The park can be reached by the same highway from Lomsak.
Six guest houses and a simple dormitory are located within the park headquarters compound. there are two bungalows along the Khek River near the cable stayed bridge and two at Thung Salaeng Luang geared for larger parties. A typical bungalow will cost 300 Baht a night and can be share by six people.
Four camping sites are also available, with two-person tents available for 30 Baht a night. Those who bring their own tent are charged 10 Baht a night. there is a headquarters service and information center for visitors, who numbered 93,300 in 1990. A park substation is located at Nong Mae Na off the Khao Kor-Phetchabun road from which trips to Thung Salaeng Luang and Thung Nang Phaya can be launched.

National Park Division
Natural Resources Conservation Office
Royal Forest Department
Jatujak, Bangkok 10900n
(Tel: 579-0529, 579-4842, or 579-5269)

Prepared and arranged by Sanguan Chantalay. Retyped from Free brochure provided by the National Park Division, National Resources Conservation Office, Royal Forest Department.

Doi Inthanon National Park

Doi Inthanon National Park contains the country's highest mountain and much rugged terrain. Each year many thousands of people visit this beautiful park. The area is primarily granite, but is dotted with caves and rocky fields. The Ping River passes to the east and the Cham River to the west of the park.

Historically, the mountain of Doi Inthanon was referred to as Doi Ang Kha. Prince Intharawichayanon, the last ruler of Chiang Mai, realized the importance of the country's forests, especially in the north, where they serve as the watershed for much of the country. He was interested in and helped support people who were investigating the history of the area. He requested that his remains be placed on the summit of Doi Ang Kha. After his death, the mountain was rename renamed Inthanon. a shortened version of his name. Today, visitors do the summit can see his remains there.

Geography and Climate:
Geography: The park is ruggedly mountainous. Doi Inthanon, the highest peak, stands at 2,565 meters above sea level. Lesser peaks include Doi Hua Mot Luang (2,330 m). The park is the headwaters for the Mae Klang, Mae Pako, Mae Pawn, Mae Ya, Mae Cham and Mae Khan Rivers. The waters from the park also help generate electricity at the Bhumipol Dam.
Climate: Because of the park's high altitude, the climate is cool all year round. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 5.5 degrees Celcius. The climate is similar to Canada's and the temperature has dropped to minus eight degrees Celcius. In the hot season the temperature remains cool and pleasant, particularly at higher elevations. Rain, fog and mist can obscure the view for days.

The forest of the park is one of the country's more important, valuable heritage. Forest types include moist evergreen forest, pine forest & mixed deciduous. Species with economic value include teak, mountain pine. Dipterocarp species, Xylia xylocarpus, Pterocarpus, Terminalia, and Lagerstroemia to name a few. In addition to these, there are many beautiful flowers including Vanda, phycastylis & rhododendron. For the mosses, there are sphagnum and asmanda, which are found at higher elevations than the flowers.
Fifty years ago, the mountain peaks were the home of the Hmong hill tribe people. The biggest village was Ban Koon Klang. Their method of agriculture was often destructive to the forest ecosystem. Now there are Royal Projects which assist the villagers in growing cold-climate fruit such as strawberries, grapes and apples as well as flowers. Special areas have been allocated for these projects.
The number of wild animals in the park is decreasing as the villagers continue to encroach. The animals are hunted and their habitat cleared for agriculture. The remaining animals include gibbons, tigers, deer, wild pigs, rabbits, jungle fowl and goral.

Because of its broad latitudinal range and the cool climate of its upper reaches, the park supports the largest number of bird species of any site in Thailand. The Center for Wildlife Research at Mahidol university records a present total of 362 species and expects additions; many at the summit are migrants from northern Asia. Species restricted to Doi Inthanon are Ashy-throated Warbler and an endemic race of the Green-tailed Sunbird; the park is the only site where the Chestnut-bellied Rockthrush and the Yellow-bellied Flowerpecker are known to over summer and probably breed. Over 190 bird species are listed as common to abundant. Bird lists are available at the Visitor Center and at Park Headquarters.

PLACES TO SEE, THINGS TO DO:
Mae Klang Waterfall: Because of its easy access, this unusual waterfall has been visited by Thai people for many years and they continue to come in large numbers on any sunny day in the year to swim, picnic and relax in this beautiful setting. The rapids and waterfall spill over a wide exposure of granite and can be approached closely. Visitors are asked to exercise caution around the waterfall area and while swimming either above or below the falls. A well-maintained trail leads up the side of the waterfall and continues to the Visitor Center and beyond.
Vachiratharn Waterfall (km.20.80: The falls are reached by a short, easy trail from the parking area. Vachiratharn waters tumble down a granite escarpment, creating a misty veil of great beauty. Visitors should be very cautious - three people have fallen to their deaths while taking photographs. Just a short distance on the main road beyond Vachiratharn is the small Karen village, Ban Sop Had. Turn right just past the bridge and you will find the village a few hundred meters up the laterite access road.
Mae Ya Waterfall (14 km from Chom Thong: is thought to be the highest in Thailand and is well worth the extra effort to get there. Park officials estimate that the Mae Ya River plunges more than 250 meters at this point. It is a beautiful, fanning cascade, dropping down an ever-widening series of steps - without doubt, a photographic favorite.
Siriphum Waterfall: The former name was Lao Lee waterfall named after head of Hmong village nearby. M.R. Chakthong Thongyai, the Minister of Agriculture and Cooperative Ministry renamed “Siriphum” to honor Queen Sirikit. It located by km. 31 Chom Thong - Doi Inthanon road.
Brichinda Cave (km 9): This impressive limestone cave has a gigantic entrance chamber and tower and a second huge chamber with a skylight opening to the surface. It can be reached in about one hour from the main road, or in less time if the beginning portion of the route is cycled. Ask for a guide at the Visitor Center.
Park Headquarters (km. 30.8): The headquarters building has a small camping space nearby, and staff will provide assistance, information and a guide for trail walking, as well as meals on request. Future development plans include food services and a picnic area near the entrance to the headquarters approach road. Access to the Hmong village, Ban Khun Klang, the guesthouse compound, and Siriphum Waterfall is via a wide laterite road intersecting with the main summit road at km. 30.4. An excellent view of Siriphum can be enjoyed by walking or cycling along the laterite track which forks left from the main laterite road just beyond the entrance to the guesthouse compound. The falls are actually twins; two parallel plumed named for king Bhumipol and Queen Sirikit.
Summit of Doi Inthanon (km 48): The drive to the summit offers some fine views, especially during November and December, before the dry season haze has become well-established. On your visit of the summit stupa containing the remains of King Intharawicdhayanon, be sure to read the English translation on the back of the marble plaque nearby. Photographing any part of the radar station is forbidden, but visitors may take pictures freely of any other subject.
On the main road and opposite the summit Ranger Station is a sign in Thai marking a short, self-guide nature trail which descends to a sphagnum bog in a small karats depression. The bog area, which displays the red-blossomed Rhododendron delavayi, comes nearest to a true montane forest formation and is a good location for bird-watching. If you continue around the bog and down a short distance, you will reach a memorial shrine marking the site of a helicopter crash which occurred in the mid-seventies and killed the first superintendent of this park.
Kiew Mae Pan Trail: one of the most beautiful and regarding walks in the park is a new trail which begins a short distance up the main summit road from Napamaytanidol. The path leads for a kilometer or more through dense, moist evergreen forest, then emerges and follows the top of a steep slope bordering the canyoned headwaters of the Mae Pan River. Dotted with red rhododendron, the trail proceed southward for another kilometer with fine, open views to the west, then re-enters the forest and eventually terminates at Napamaytanidol Chedi. Two hours would allow a leisurely walk with camera stops. At present, a guide is required for this trail, but it may, in future, be signed and marked for independent use.
Mae Pan Area: At km 6.6 on the Mae Chaem road is the turn-off to Mae Pan Waterfall, marked by a sign in Thai. the laterite access road descends about two kilometers to the Ranger Station and campground, and is suitable for any vehicle although the road can be slippery on the uphill after a heavy rain. The area is quiet, off the beaten track, and can be described as the back country of Doi Inthanon park. “It offers a rewarding loop hike of 1.5 to 2 hours through untouched terrain with small waterfalls and tumbling creeks along most of the route. A guide from headquarters is required to walk the whole loop since it is largely unmarked, but any visitor can walk the 800 meters to Mae Pan Falls and back again, as well as the 200 meters to Huai Sai Luang Falls (just beyond the campground). Both of these trails are clear and well-maintained.

Getting There:
From Chiang Mai, take route 108 towards Chomthong. At kilometer 57 (1 kilometer before Amphur Chom Thong), take a right on route 1009 (the Chomthong - Doi Inthanon Road). At kilometer 31 of this road is the park headquarters.

Facilities:
The park has visitor center, four houses and campground for visitors. For more information and reservations, contact:

National Park Division
Natural Resources Conservation Office
Royal Forest Department, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900
(Tel.: 579-0529, 579-4842, or 579-5269)

(The information is provided by: National Park Division, Natural Resources Conservation Office, Royal Forest Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative) Free Brochure for visitors.
PCV Elizabeth King, a nature interpreter volunteer at Doi Inthannon National Park and the PNOC staff at the Siriphum Waterfall while they were visiting Doi Inthanon and mapping the nature trail on August 16, 1995.

Doi Suthep-Pui National Park
Doi Suthep used to be known as Doi Oi Chang. Its new name comes from the name of a hermit, Prarusiwasuthep who lived at Doi Suthep over 1,000 years ago.
Before it was a national park, Doi Suthep was a protected forest.
In 1973, The Royal Forest Department decided that Doi Suthep and 13 other forest areas in the country should eventually be national parks. The Royal Forest Department sent Mr.Panya Boonsomboon to survey the area.
After that, the national park committee decided that only forest in good condition should be included in Doi Suthep National park and areas occupied by villagers should be excluded. In 1981, 100,662.50 rai in Chiang Mai were officially gazetted as Doi Suthep National Park, making it the country's 24 th.
The following year, an additional 62,500 rai were annexed to the park, bringing the total to 163,162.50 rai (262.50 square Kilometers).

Geography and Climate
The topography of Doi Suthep in high mountains composed of many ridge systems. The more prominent peaks are Doi Suthep, Doi Pui and Doi Buagha. Doi Pui is the highest at 1,658 maters above sea level. The park serves as the watershed for the Ping River tributaries, including Hueygaow, Hueychangkien, Hueymaehiea.
The high topography of the park means that the climate is cool year round. The average temperature is 16 Celcius. Cold season is indeed, very cold. Moist, cool air is indicative of the rainy season, which peaks in August and September. In February, the air is crisp and clear and the landscape is sharply visible from the parks viewpoints.

Flora and Fauna
Hill evergreen, dry Dipterocarp, mixed deciduous, and pine forest are all represented in Doi Suthep.
Deer, monkeys, macaques and over Zoo kinds of bird species are found, including eagles, jungle fowl, orioles, woodpeckers, and drongos.

Points of Interest
Pupingrachaniwet Palace
This beautiful palace serves as a vacation for the King and Queen and the royal family. The palace was built in 1960 in true Thai architectural style. Within the grounds, the original landscaping has been preserved as much as possible while planting various species of flowers. The palace is located four kilometers from the park headquarters and is open the public on Fridays and public holidays.
Pratat Doi Suthep Temple
This temple is important both for its sacredness and for its historical role in Chiang Mai. Built in 1384 , the temple stairway, of more than 300 steps, is bordered by two long Naga, or snakes, whose bodies run up the length of the stairs. In the temple is Wat Prabraromated Doi Suthep Worawihan. This sacred temple, decorated in The Lanna Style, is requested by worshippers.
Pra Kru Ba Siwichai Memorial
In 1934, Pra Kru Ba Siwichai, a famous monk instructor as staying at Sisoda Temple. He led a drive to build a 12 kilometers road from the base of mountain to Pratad Doi Suthep Temple. The road was Completed in six months. Later, the citizens of Chiang Mai built a memorial to Pra Dru Ba Siwichai, so that people could continue to pay him respect.
Hueygaow Waterfall
Located near the top of Doi Suthep, this waterfall is fed by the Hueygaow stream. Just upstream of the waterfall is Wangbuowban.
Monthathan Waterfall
Three kilometers from Hueygaow Waterfall, this impressive waterfall tumbles down in 3 stages over a high cliff face. It is also called Sanpayang Waterfall.
Mae Sa Waterfall
the eight levels of this waterfall are separated by distances of 100-500 meters, and flow with water all year. From, Chiang Mai, travel 12 miles out of town on the Sai Mae Rim - Samoeng road.
Here you will find Mae Sa Waterfall. Other waterfalls are found along the same stream, including Palad and Paw Paw Paw. Further away are Sisangwan, Mahidol, Tadmawg and Tadmawdfa Waterfalls.
In addition to these spots, there are many other tourist spots, Including Pangub Cliff, Palad Cliff, Padam Cliff, the peak of Doi Pui and hill tribe villages.
Getting to the park
Go by public transportation 16 kilometers along the Hueygaow Road until you reach Pratat Doi Suthep Temple. Just a little way past the temple on the right hand side of the road there is a sign which indicates the way to the park office.
Accommodations
The park has six houses for Visitors, and six row houses. For more information, please contact

National Park Division
Natural Resources Conservation Office
Royal Forest Department
Phaholyothin Road
Jatujak, Bangkok 10900
or call 579-4842, 579-0529 or 579-5269.
you may contact the park directly :

Doi Khuntan National Park
Located in the mountains of northerm Thailand, Doi (mountain) Khuntan National Park is home to may interesting species of flora and fauna, as well as many historical spots of interest. Its most renowned feature is Thailand's longest railroad tunnel, which is 1352 meters long. Doi Khuntan National Park straddles the mountains separating Lamphun and Lampang Provinces, covers 255 square kilometers, and ranges in elevations from 325 m. to 1373 m. at the summit. Established in 1975, it was the 14th National Park in Thailand.
The three basic seasons are hot, from March to June, rainy, from July to October, and cold, from November to February. The temperature varies from 38 Celsius during the hot season, to as cold as 5 Celsius. Rainfall, which falls mostly during the rainy season, averages about 1034 mm. per year.
“Doi” translates to mountain in Northern Thai, while 'Khun tan' refers to the numerous streams and watersheds flowing down from the mountain.

Construction of the tunnel at Khuntan, which was cut through solid granite bedrock, began in 1907 under the rule of King Rama V, and was completed in 1918. Khuntan tunnel was nicknamed the 'cemetery of laborers' as it is said that over 1000 workers died while constructing the tunnel due to suffocation, accidents, malaria, tigers, and fighting amongst themselves. The workers were mostly from the North East of Thailand, and many were opium addicts who agreed to work because they were given opium in addition to wages.
Emil Eisenhofer, a German railroad engineer was instrumental in building the tunnel. A monument in front of the tunnel contains Eisenhofer's ashes and is dedicated to both him and all the workers who died building the tunnel at the Khuntan railway station.
Yaw 1 (900 m. elevation)
In 1917, the State Railways of Thailand also built a vacation house at Camp (Yaw) 1 while building the railroad and tunnel in the valley below. Emil Eisenhofer, the German engineer instrumental in building the tunnel, stayed at this house as well as any visiting that dignitaries. The house at Camp (Yaw) 1 is still in excellent condition and open to tourists.
Yaw 2 (1035 m. elevation)
Camp (Yaw) 2, was first used by the British Bombay Company as a rest camp. During World War ll, the Thai army used this site as one of its 'Yutasatan' or strategic camps. After the war, former Thai Prime Minister M.R. Kukrit Pramoj bought the land and built a vacation home at Camp (Yaw) 2. A planted garden of cold weather plants and low-land fruit trees are evidence of his visits. The Thai royal family also visited here in 1969. There are both guest houses and bungalows for rent at Yaw 2.
Yaw 3 (1225 m. elevation)
While the tunnel was being built, American Christian missionaries living in northerm Thailand also took advantage of the cool climate and beautiful surroundings of Doi Khuntan and built a retreat Camp (Yaw) 3. They have been coming back, mostly in April, ever since, Payap University in Chiang Mai now operates the bungalows for both tourists and missionaries.
Yaw 4 (1373 m. elevation)
Doi Khuntan also saw activity during World War ll. The Thai military used the highest peak, Doi Khuntan, or Camp (Yaw) 4 as a look-out point for military operations. It was at this time the term 'Yaw' or 'Yutsatan,' which translates literally to 'strategic camp,' was introduced for the different retreats. Today, a visit to Camp (Yaw) 4 provides a beautiful view of the valleys and surrounding mountains of Lamphun and Lampang.
Forests
The forests of Doi Khuntan have changed dramatically in the past century due to human disturbance. The forests can be divided into three types, with distinct elevation ranges.
1. Lowland Elevations (325 m.-850 m.). Originally a teak forest, the lowland elevation is composed of a degraded mixed bamboo deciduous forest as well as a deciduous Dipterocarp-oak forest.
2. Middle Elevations (850 m.-1000 m.). This is a transitional area where the lowland deciduous forest and upland evergreen-pine forest mix to form the mixed evergreen and deciduous forest. There are only two species of pine trees in Thailand, a two-needle pine (Pinus merkusii) and a 3-needle pine (P. kesiya), both of which can be found here.
3. Upland Elevations (1000 m.-1373 m.). The forest here is composed mostly of evergreen hardwood trees and a minority of pine (P.kesiya) to form an evergreen-pine forest. Much of the forest and watersheds on the west side of the national park have been disturbed; however, pristine conditions are found on the east side.
In addition, Doi Khuntan offers year-round viewing of wild-flowers such as orchids, gingers, and lilies. Doi Khuntan is botanically very diverse, home to over 1300 different vascular species. Numerous edible plants and fungi are found in the park.
Wildlife
Some wildlife still exists in Doi Khuntan, including the Siamese hare, porcupine, wild chicken, wild boar, and weasel, as well as a variety of birds, spiders and insects. The effects of hunting, logging, frequent fires, and human encroachment have greatly reduced their numbers. In the past, gibbons, tigers, elephants, bears, wild cattle, serow, slow loris, barking deer and many other species were also residents of Doi Khuntan, but they are all gone.
Nature Trails
In addition to hiking the trail to the summit if Doi Khuntan which is approximately 8 km. from the Khuntan train station, visitors can also visit the four different waterfalls which run during the rainy and cold seasons. The beautiful Daht Moei Waterfall is the most accessible and a 6 km. hike round-trip from park headquarters. A self-guided nature trail and tree map are available for this trail. The Mae Prai Waterfall is even more magnificent and is accessible by a 12 km. hike round trip from the park station at Mae Prai in Hang Chat District, Lampang province.
Accommodations
Tourists can reach Doi Khuntan National Park by railroad or car. It is approximately one and a half hours from Chiang Mai. By train, get off at the Khuntan Station and hike 1.3 kilometer up the hill to park headquarters. By car, take the Superhighway between Chiang Mai and Lamphun. Turn off at the Maetha road and follow the signs 18 km. to the park. Doi Khuntan Park has six bungalows for rent to tourists, as well as areas for tent-camping. It also has an open-air stage and eating facilities.
For reservations, contact

National Park Division
Chatuchak, Bangkok, 109000
or call (Tel):579482,5795269,5790629.
You can also write

PCV Sharon London, a nature interpreter volunteer at Doi Khun Tan and PNOC members in March 1996.

Ob Luang National Park
The Mae Chaem river was original called the “Salak Hin” or”sculptured rocks' river and derived it's name from the fascinating formations along it's name from the fascinating formations along it's course. The river created a big canyon which is called Ob Luang. The word “Ob” means in the local language 'narrow' and the word 'Luang” means “big” and refers to the big but narrow canyon the river created over the years. The rocks and cliffs are subject to erosion by the strong currents of the river and has formed the canyon and strangely shaped rock formations. The water have to force it's way past rocks and boulders obstructing the course which is a magnificent sight. The area near the canyon used to be a logging camp of the Borneo Company Ltd. The Mae Chaem river was used to transport the Teak logs from the uplands downstream. The logs ended up in a deep whirlpool where they were easily collected by the company. From 1966 to 1991 the park was administered as a forest park. After more surveys by the Royal Forest Department it was decided to announce the area as a national park and was gazetted, in 1991, as the 68th national park of Thailand. The area supports a wide variety of natural attractions like waterfalls, caves, hot springs, historical sites and is a watershed for the Mae Chaem river. At present the total park area is 553 sq km and is entirely located in Chiang Mai province, North Thailand.

Geography and Climate
The extensive, north-south running, mountain range of the park is the same range of which Doi Inthanon, the highest mountain of Thailand, is part of. The elevation range lies between 280-1980 m. above sea level and the area is very rugged. The highest point of the park is located in the north. Other high peaks are Doi Pa Dam, Doi Pa Leeb, Doi Kham and Doi Pui Luang. The park receives a monsoon climate and has three distinct seasons. The rain season (May-September) brings occasional heavy thunderstorms and strong winds. In the cold season (October-January) the night temperatures can drop as low as 10 degrees Celcius but day temperatures are pleasant. The hot season (February-April) brings high day temperatures, up to 40 degrees Celcius.

Flora and Fauna
Due to it's great altitude range the park comprises different types of forests. So are there vast areas of Mixed Deciduous Forest, Dry Dipterocarp Forest and Dry and Hill Evergreen forest. The forest harbors many important species like. Teak, Dipterocarp sp., Mahogany etc. On higher altitudes Pine forest, both the two and three leafed pine, occurs. Other vegetation types are grasslands and savannas, Orchids and other flowering plants are abundant.
Due to hunting pressure large wildlife mostly disappeared and overall, wildlife is not as rich as it used to be. Still some interesting species of wildlife can be found as the endangered Serow, Tiger, Asiatic Black Bear, Samba Deer, Barking Deer, Wild Pig, Gibbon and many bird species especially in the cold season with many migrating birds.

Ob Luang has many interesting places to visit.
The Ob Luang gorge or canyon is located at kilometer 17 of highway number 108 of Hod and Chomthong district. It is a steep sided canyon with high cliffs. The height of the canyon walls measured form the bridge to the average water level is about 32 meters. The narrowest point of the canyon is not more than two meters wide while the whole canyon is about 300 meters in length.

originates from the Mae Bua Kham stream and is two kilometers south of Ob Luang canyon. It is a very beautiful waterfall set in a natural surrounding. The water thunders down over the rock wall for 50 meters.
The Mae Chon Luang Stream forms the Mae Chon Waterfall located near kilometer 9 of highway number 108 between Hod and Mae Sariang district. Follow the stream for about one kilometer from the road until you reach this impressive and high waterfall. The many tiered falls has a sheer drop of over 100 meters and is 80 meters wide which makes it a fascinating sight. Also the cliffs and rocks of these falls, composed of granite and gray-white colored metamorphic rock, contributes to give the place a eerie feel. Respectively 500 and 1500 meters from here are two other small but scenic waterfalls.
Deep in the forest is the Mae Teeya waterfall, originating from the Mae Teeya stream. It takes a 8 kilometer walk to this beautiful, 80 meters high waterfall, All year round it supports masses of water.
The Thep Phanom hot springs are a 14 kilometers ride from Ob Luang, along highway 108 at kilometers 22. From this point it is an other 9 kilometers to the springs. The cold water in the earth crust is heated up by the thermal energy of the earth and, at this site, it doesn't cool down until it is released at the surface. The spring area is a 1.6 hectare plateau and several small streams with both warm and cold water are running from the site. There are in total 15 springs with a stream flow not less than 15 liters per second. The average temperature of the water is 99 degrees Celcius.
The Tong cave is found in Doi Pa Liang mountain. This mountain is composed of granite and limestone. The Mae Pae stream acts as a dividing line between these two rock types. On the right hand side are deep caves with long tunnels. It is said that these tunnels are leading to Doi Chiang Dao mountain in the north of Chiang Mai Province. The mouth of the tunnel is a 5 by 10 meter large chamber and is 3 meters high. The tunnel entrance is small but entering is possible.
Tu Poo cave is a small, narrow limestone cave. The entrance is very thigh but the cave itself can hold up to 30 persons. Water is constantly trickling down the ceiling forming small stalactites and stalagmites. In the ceiling is a ring shaped opening so the cave is not entirely dark.
Ob Luang National Park has some interesting historical sites. Not far from the visitor center is the site of a settlement and burial place of historic man. Not only bones are found but also utensils and articrafts like bronze bracelets, marble balls together with earthen pottery. Many excavations sites are marked. Other things found are tools made out of stone and rock tools Especially the carving tools indicates that the findings sate from the Obinian culture which was common in South-East Asia, In Ob Luang it is widespread found not far from watercourses and plateaus. Campsites are found near cliffs and here rock painting can be found. Pa Chang is an example of a cliff with a rock painting. The painting represents an elephant (Chang) in different colors.
Paintings of hunting parties and agricultural activities indicates that in the area of Ob Luang, people have lived here since the stone age and onwards. Carbon test shows that the findings are about 28000 years old.
In the area of Kong Mai stream also evidence of early man is found. On top of the mountain a rock painting of a bear and a person are found on a rock wall which is called “Peung Pa Mai.” Also utensil of stone are found near the site of the painting. An other historical find place is near the hot springs of Thep Phanom. Excavations and surveys of this area resulted in a rich harvest of a wide variety of stone tools. It is believed that the findings here are of the same age of the findings near Ob Luang.
The source of the Mae Chaem or Salak Hin river is located in Mae Hong Son Province. The Mae Chaem river is the biggest tributary of Hod district and drains it's water eventually in the Mae Ping river. The river passes steep cliffs, knolls, valleys and has some islands and sandy beaches. The diversity of landscapes gives the river an extra beautiful dimension and it is possible to admire this beauty by boat from Mae Chaem District.

How to get there
Traveling from Chiang Mai take the highway number 108 to the district town of Hod. At Hod take the Hod-Mae Sariang road. After 17 kilometers you will reach the parks headquarters.
Total distance from Chiang Mai is 105 kilometers. By means of public transportation you can take the Bangkok-Mae Hong Son line (both ordinary and aircond.). The bus passes the park headquarters.

Facilities
Ob Luang National Park has camping possibilities and tents are for rent at the park headquarters.
For more information contact

Royal Forest Department
Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchak
Bangkok 10900
Tel. (02) 5794842, 5790529 or 5614292-3 ext 724, 725

Mae Surin National Park

History and Location:
Area: 396.60 square kilometers (247.875 rai). In the boundary of Amphoe Muang and Khun Yuam in Mae Hong Son Province. It was the 37th national park of the country since October 29, 2524.
Interesting Points:
Mae Surin Waterfalls: It is about 38 kilometers from Amphoe Khun Yuam. The waterfalls is 80 meters down to the creek.
Dham Khon Waterfalls: It is about 12 kilometers from Mae Hong Son.
Travel:
From Mae Hong Son, you can visit the national park by driving on highway 108 to Khun Yuam, and 40 kilometers more to the national park qtrs.
Accommodations:
You have to bring your tent and stuff. You can enjoy the sleeping bag at the camp ground.

History and Location:
Area: 592 square kilometers ( 370,000 rai). It is in the boundary of Muang Pan, Jae Hom, and Amphoe Muang of Lampang Province.
There are hot springs, waterfalls in the area where the national park headquarters located.
It was the 58th national park of the country since July 28, 2531.
Interesting Points:
Jae Son Waterfalls and Hot Springs.
Travel:
From Lampang Province on highway 1035 to Muang Pan District you can drive all year round.
Accommodations:
There are four bungalows, six people can share in one house at 700 Baht per night.

History and Location:
Area: 894 square kilometers (558,750 rai). It is in the boundary of Amphoe Klong Khung, Kampaengphet Province. It is the 55th national park of the country.
Interesting Points:
The most beautiful waterfalls is Mae Wong, 200 meters falls down. Only walk can visit the site. (10 hours trekking)
Travel:
On highway 1117, Klong Lan - Umpang at the km. 65.
Accommodations:
There are 7 bungalows and a campground. You may bring your tent.

Mae Ping National Park
History and Location:
Area: 1,003 square kilometers (626,875 rai). It is in the boundary of Doi Tao, Li, Sam Ngao. It is the 32th national park of the country since July 13, 2524.
Travel:
You can visit the Mae Ping National Park headquarters by driving from Lamphun on highway 1089 from Li to Tha Ko about 20 kilometers.
Accommodations:
There is no bungalow for visitors yet. You may directly contact the national park headquarters at P.O. Box 18, Amphoe Li, Lamphun 51110

History and Location:
Area: 543 square kilometers (339,375 rai). It is in the boundary of Chattrakan and Nakornthai District of Phitsanuloke. It was the 54th national park of the country since November 2, 2530.
Travel:
From Phitsanuloke Province you drive on Phit-Lomsak highway to Nakornthai. It is about 145 kilometers from Phitsanuloke.
Accommodations:
There are 4 bungalows that can welcome visitors around 25 persons. The rental charges 400-1000 Baht per night.

Huai Nam Dung National Park
History and Location:
Area: 179.5 square kilometers (112,187.5 rai). It is in the boundary of Mae Taeng District of Chiang Mai Province, and Pai District of Mae Hong Son. It was the national park in March 2532.
Interesting Points:
Doi Chang: It is at the altitude of 1,962 meters. The foggy sea is so beautiful in early morning.
Hot Spring: At Pong Duat is about 80 km. from Chiang Mai on the paved road highway 1095, and about 8 km on the earth road.
Accommodations:
There is no bungalow for visitors. You may bring your tents and sleeping bags and enjoy the campground.

Ramkamhaeng National Park
History and Location:
Area: 341 square kilometers (213,125 rai). It is in the boundary of Khiremas and Ban Dan Lan Hoi of Sukhothai Province. It was the 18th national park of the country.
Interesting Points:

Khao Luang: The peak is 1,200 meters from sea level. The large grass land about 3,000 rai and many medicinal plants in the area.
Accommodations:
There are bungalows for visitors. Please contact directly at P.O. Box 1, Khiremas, Sukhothai 64160.
To all visitors: You may contact the Interpretation and Recreation

National Resources Conservation Office
Royal Forest Department
Jatujak, Bangkok 10900
Tel: 579-4842, 579-5269, 579-0529.

Doi Luang National Park
Established 16 April 1990, this 1170 square kilometers park covers three provinces - Chiang Rai, Phayao, and Lampang. Dominated by two long North-South mountain ranges, elevations range from 600m to 1798m at the highest peak. The area of Doi Luang National Park covers three main watersheds - 1) Wang River which flows south to the Chao Phraya River, 2) Laow River flows north to the Mekong River, and 3) Phayao Lake, the second largest inland fresh water lake in Thailand, to the east.
There are three distinct seasons, each providing varied conditions. The cold season (Nov - Feb.) is the most comfortable for hiking and camping, temperatures range from 15 degree Celsius to 28 degree Celsius. The hot season (March - May) means playing in the waterfalls is a must, as temperatures are between 27 degree Celsius to 32 degree Celsius. The rainy season (June - October) brings forth a burst of vibrant greens in the forest and healthy populations of insects, with temperatures from 24 degree Celsius to 30 degree Celsius. Some species of fauna living in the park are barking deer, common wild pig, flying squirrels, leopard cat, slow lorries, common red jungle fowl or wild chicken, Asiatic black bear and many species of birds.

Although Doi Luang National Park is known for its vast forest-covered mountains, most visitors come to this park for the three magnificent waterfalls. Pu Kaeng Waterfall with limestone and travertine deposits give these waterfall its characteristic steps or levels. There are a total of 9 main levels with 1 km trail through the tropical deciduous forest dominated by bamboo trees. As with all locations described in this brochure, a private vehicle is recommended, as there is no public transportation to these places. Leaving Phayao, drive North along Route #1 for 39 km to the intersection at Ban Pu Kaeng, Turn left (West), go 9 km to the end of road arriving at the Headquarters Area for Doi Luang National Park. Here there is a Visitor's Center, restaurant serving simple Thai food from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and a campground. There are no tourist bungalows available in the park. Overnight accommodations are available in Phayao or Chiang Rai.
Champathong Waterfall, with 6 levels and surrounded by tropical humid forests offers the steepest ascent, the biggest trees and the best bird-watching. Leaving Phayao, drive 7 km North along Route #1, turn left, (West) onto #1127, go 12 km to the waterfall.

With very similar limestone features as Pu Kaeng Waterfall, Wang Kaeo Waterfall is the largest waterfall in the province of Lampang, and has over 100 levels! Leaving Phayao, drive South along Route #1 for 8 km, then turn right (West) onto #1282. Go 45 km to Wang Nua. At the intersection with #1002, turn right (North) and go 26 km to the waterfall.

There was an opening ceremony of the Visitor Center at Wang Kaew Waterfall. The PCVs and the RFD staff work together to establish a Visitor Center. The nature trail, the guide booklet and the rangers are ready to serve the visitors at the Wang Kaew Waterfall. The PNOC staff joined the ceremony and with the PCVs at the front of the waterfall site. (from left: Sanguan, PCVs Carol Stock, Liesel Lund, Sawat)The nature trail at the Wang Kaew is almost perfect due to the biodiversity condition and the altitudes of the location varies from 530-630 meters. We recommend the school teacher should take the students advent into this site. There is a place you can camp, nice toilets, safe at night. There are rangers guard for you!
Write to: Doi Luang National Park (Wang Kaew Waterfall Unit)
T. Wang Kaew, A. Wang Nua
Lampang 52140
If you want to drive you can go by car (no need 4-wheel drive), good road except the road from Wang Nua to Wang Kaew.
Good Luck and enjoy the nature.

Doi Phu Nang National Park offers those adventurous tourists a splendid experience off the beaten track. Located near the district of Chiang Muan in the province of Phayao, the park covers an area of 740 square kilometers. A short 300 m walk from the Headquarters Area, rewards you with a view of the impressive Tansawan Waterfall surrounded by thick tropical deciduous forests and teak trees. But be careful to stay on the trail - a plant called “ Han-Chang-Rong “ in Thai (Family : URTICACEAE) or nettles - has tiny poisonous needles. The slightest contact will cause your skin to burn, swell and itch.
Doi Phu Nang National Park is one of the last reserves of the Green Peafowl, a type of “ peacock “, and this park boasts a healthy population. During the February mating season of this rare species, the males'calls can be heard frequently.
The unique management plan of the park allows 5% of the total land area to be used by the local Thai villagers and hill tribe people (Yao) for agriculture - so do not be surprised to see rice or corn fields growing next to the waterfall. Just a short 2 km farther down the dirt road is Ban Bo Bia village - definitely worth the trip. This quaint, rarely visited secluded oasis can provide you with a unique glimpse into the every day life of a typical, rural Thai village.
Leaving Phayao, drive South along Route #1 for 4 km. Turn left (East) onto #1021 and go 9 km to Dok Kham Tai. Turn right (South) on #1251. After 48 km you will come to the intersection that goes to Doi Phu Nang National Park and Ban Bo Bia. Turn right and go 3 km. Then either turn left onto the dirt road to go to the Park Headquarters (1 km) or continue straight another 2 km to Ban Bo Bia.

Phu Sang National Park
This 285 square kilometers area in the districts of Chiang Kham (Phayao Province) and Thoeng (Chiang Rai Province) has been declared but, as of Sept. 1995 A.D., not yet officially designated as a national park. Phu Sang National Park shares 30 km of border with Laos, in a rugged, little explored mountainous area. The warm water of Phu Sang Waterfall comes from a hot spring water in all of Thailand - so this makes playing in the water very enjoyable during the cold season. There are many other points of interest such as waterfalls, caves, mountain tops, and dirt roads to Laos. Let the excitement of a new national park lead you into a great adventure of discovery! There is an excellent detailed map of the park and surrounding areas at the Headquarters Office located 400 m before Phu Sang Waterfall. Please stop in to learn about these other places.
Leaving Phayao, drive South along Route #14 km to the intersection with #1021, turn left (East) 76 km to Chiang Kham. 5 km beyond Chiang Kham along #1021, turn right (East) onto #1093. Follow #1093 for 23 km to the Headquarters of Phu Sang National Park and the waterfall.
Leaving Chiang Rai, drive 3 km South along Route #1, then turn left (East) onto #1020. Go 70 km to Thoeng, turn right (South) on #1021, Go 24 km, then turn left (East) onto #1093. Go 23 km. Stay on #1093 to the Headquarters of Phu Sang National Park.
Overnight accommodations are available in Chiang Kham, Phayao, or Chiang Rai. There are no tourists bungalows in the park.
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For further information on these national parks and others throughout Thailand please write or call:
National Parks Division
National Resources Conservation Office
Royal Forest Department
Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900
Tel: (02) 579-0529, 579-4842, 579-5269
Fax: (02) 579-1154, 579-2791

Ref: Doi Luang National Park, Phu Sang National Park, National Parks in the Province of Phayao; distributed by National Parks Division, Natural Resources Conservation Office, Royal Forest Department.
Typed byChongkolnee Chantalay, PNOC.
Original home page was created on October 20, 1996
Revised by: Sanguan Chantalay, PNOC